Following the UAE's first full genome sequencing of the Covid-19 virus in early May by researchers at Al Jalila Children's Specialty Hospital, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences (MBRU), and Dubai Health Authority using Illumina Inc sequencing technologies supplied and supported by AGBL Group, the team has continued its research sequencing further samples. Whole Genome Sequencing enables identification of the origins of the virus and the extent of community-based transmissions versus new viral introductions, which influences public health policy decisions. The research conducted shows that the majority of introductions in Dubai were from Europe and the Middle East and provides evidence for early community-based transmission. Dubai is the major international tourism and travel hub within the Middle East connecting the Far East and the West. Understanding the early spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Dubai will, therefore, inform the global dynamics of the COVID19 pandemic spread.

 “Genome sequencing is an important tool for studying disease outbreaks. As a virus spreads, small mutations in its genetic material take place. Recent studies on the Covid-19 virus show that these genetic changes occur every two weeks on average. By studying the genetic sequence of the virus and the minor changes over time from many patients, scientists can better understand how the virus spreads and inform measures to control the outbreak,” said Ms Althea Fernandez, genomics product manager at AGBL.

Dr Ahmad Abou Tayoun, Associate Professor of Genetics at MBRU and Director of the Genomics Centre at Al Jalila Children’s Specialty Hospital said, “using SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing we were able to track the spatiotemporal introductions of the virus into Dubai and the UAE early on in the pandemic. We were also able to characterize the genetic profile of the early strains which will help us understand how well any vaccines or treatments can be effective in the UAE, once they become available. We are now continuing our studies to sequence the virus from more patients of different ages, disease severity, and at different time points of the pandemic. This will help us better understand community-based transmission and the clinical outcomes due to infection by the different virus strains, if any.

All this work is being performed using the Illumina NGS technology for which we optimized several scalable and cost-effective library preparations protocols. We are very fortunate to be supported by Illumina regional partner, AGBL Group, who, despite the new dynamics imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, are continuously providing excellent technical support and the required supplies for this, and many other, projects.”

AGBL Group has also commissioned Illumina sequencers for sequencing COVID-19 at multiple locations across the Middle East and Africa, including King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), the Ministry of Health (MOH) in Bahrain, Redeemer University in Nigeria, the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR) and the West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP) in Ghana.

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